Novel C60 aggregates produced by extended mixing in the presence of citric acid

COLL 392

Xiaojun Chang, changx@vt.edu and Peter J. Vikesland, pvikes@vt.edu. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 418 Durham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061
There is currently concern about the potential environmental and health effects of aggregates of C60. Although many previous studies have used aggregates synthesized using intermediate organic solvents, this work employed an aggregate production method believed to more closely emulate the fate of fullerene upon accidental release – extended mixing in waters that contain various quantities of citric acid. We utilize citric acid as a well characterized proxy for the carboxylate groups present in natural organic matter. Aggregates produced in the presence of citric acid are both smaller and more homgeneous in size and shape than aggregates produced in its absence. Experiments to fully characterize these aggregates using FTIR, Raman, AFM, and TEM will be discussed.