Cyclometalated iridium complexes as efficient and tunable catalysts for the oxidation of water

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Neal D. McDaniel, nmcdanie@princeton.edu, Frederick J. Coughlin, Leonard L. Tinker, ltinker@princeton.edu, and Stefan Bernhard, bern@Princeton.edu. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, 233 Frick Lab, Washington and Williams St., Princeton, NJ 08544
A series of bis-phenylpyridine, bis-aquo iridium(III) complexes robustly and efficiently catalyzes the oxidation of water to dioxygen. Through substitution on the cyclometalating ligands, a broad range of oxidation potentials is achieved. Parallel, dynamic monitoring of oxygen evolution, via equipping reaction vessels with pressure-voltage transducers, facilitates correlation of a catalyst's ionization potential with its respective activity towards water oxidation. The importance of these catalysts is A) their ability to oxidize water in a purely aqueous medium, B) their simplicity of design, C) their durability, and D) the ease with which they can be tuned to accommodate the electrochemical needs of photosensitizers in hypothetical photochemical water oxidation and full artificial photosynthetic schemes. In the electronically optimized case, turnover numbers in excess of 2,700 O2 per catalyst molecule were produced. Our current work attempts to couple these compounds to a suitable photosensitizer and water-reducing catalyst for complete photosynthetic conversion.