Preconcentrating minicolumn sensors: A new concept for trace environmental sensing

ENVR 151

Jay W. Grate, jwgrate@pnl.gov, Fundamental Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, Matthew J. O'Hara, matthew.ohara@pnl.gov, Environmental Technology Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, MS P7-22, PO Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, and Oleg B. Egorov, oegorov@isoray.com, Isoray, Inc, 350 Hills St., Suite 106, Richland, WA 99354.
We have developed a new preconcentrating minicolumn sensor concept for water monitoring where the column contains tens to hundreds of milligrams of selectively sorbent material and the entire column content is monitored with a radiometric or absorptiometric detector. Compared to thin film sensors with a few micrograms of sorbent, this approach achieves tremendous preconcentration with efficient mass transport via pumping. Furthermore, in an equilibration-based mode of operation, the preconcentration by the sensor is maximized while eliminating the need for consumable reagents to regenerate the column; it can simply be re-equilibrated. Frontal chromatography theory can be used to characterize and design such sensors. We have demonstrated quantification of radionuclides (99-technetium) and metal ions (hexavalent chromium) to trace levels below drinking water standards in an equilibration-based process that produces steady state signals, signal proportional to concentration and easy re-equilibration to new concentration levels. These features are well suited to in situ environmental sensing and monitoring.