Conversion of a plant chloroplast to a biological fuel cell: 1. Comparison of electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to FAD and a gold electrode

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Stephen P Walch, swalch@stanford.edu, Jason D Komadina, jkoma@stanford.edu, and Fritz B Prinz, fprinz@stanford.edu. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
We are working on a design for a biological fuel cell based on a plant chloroplast. One of the problems is to design an electrode to be inserted in the stroma, which will compete with FNR for electrons from reduced ferredoxin. On the theory side, calculations have been carried out of the electronic coupling matrix element Hif for electron transfer from reduced ferredoxin to FAD and to cluster models of the Au 111 surface. We conclude, based on Hif2, that a gold electrode is ~9 times less efficient as an electron acceptor than FAD. It is also likely that the gold surface is even less efficient when orientation effects are considered. By contrast a gold surface covered by a mercaptopyridene SAM is predicted to be efficient both in orienting the ferredoxin and in electron transfer with properties similar to the FAD moity of FNR. We have confirmed these predictions by cyclic voltammetry studies.