Bifunctional complexes with pyrazole-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands

INOR 49

Douglas Grotjahn, grotjahn@chemistry.sdsu.edu, Christie A. Schulte, christieba@cox.net, and Robin E. Hurt, robinehurt@yahoo.com. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, CA 92182
Previous studies from our labs have examined synthesis and hydrogen bonding in complexes of hybrid ligands featuring pyrazole and either phosphine- or thioether-containing side chains (J. Org. Chem. 2002, 67, 9200-9209 and Inorg. Chem. 2003, 42, 3347-3355). Here related N-heterocyclic carbenes will be investigated, exploring the predicted superior binding of a carbene ligand in comparison to ligands previously stated. Presented catalysts are capable of intramolecular hydrogen bonding exemplified by a pyrazole N-H group (B).The carbene acts as an ancillary ligand enabling one nitrogen of the pyrazole to chelate and the other nitrogen to perform hydrogen bonding or proton transfer to substrate or metal ligand (HX or X). Synthetic routes to imidazol-2-ylidene precursors and its congruent addition to metals by transmetallation, reversible carboxylation and free carbene to A or B will be discussed. This difference, as well as, methods of synthesis, characterization, and the catalytic utility of the complexes will be presented.