Interactions between nitric oxide and cyclooxygenase signaling pathways influence the vascular side-effects of NSAIDs

TOXI 27

Valerie O'Donnell, o-donnellvb@cardiff.ac.uk, Dept of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University, School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, United Kingdom
Nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) signaling pathways interact in several ways that result in reciprocal regulation of each by the other. We study these phenomena in the vasculature, a site that depends on both for homeostasis. Examples include (i) characterisation of NO as a COX peroxidase substrate, (ii) COX-1 regulation of NO in platelets, (iii) COX-2 consumption of monocyte NO. More recently, interactions of COX and NO in the context of NSAID toxicity, a subject of intense interest in the media, were studied. In mice, acute hypertensive and pro-thrombotic activites of the COX-2 selective celecoxib were revealed only after in vivo inhibition of NO. In contrast, the non-selective indomethacin was hypertensive but anti-thrombotic in the absence of NO. In vitro myography confirmed the requirement for NOS and COX-2 for vasoconstriction. Since decreased vascular NO is known in arthritis, the risk of adverse events may be higher in this group.