Predicting the toxicological consequences of drug-derived reactive metabolites: Nitric oxide synthase as a model

MEDI 224

Yoichi Osawa, osawa@umich.edu, Department of Pharmacology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48103
Nitric oxide synthases (NOS) are cytochrome P450-like hemoprotein enzymes that catalyze the conversion of L-arginine to citrulline and NO. NO is a gaseous signaling molecule that is involved in a variety of physiological processes, including neurotransmission and penile erection. NOS was used as model to probe how drug-derived reactive metabolites cause NOS dysfunction and toxicity. We found that certain guanidine-based drugs are metabolized by NOS to reactive intermediates that cause the inactivation, covalent alteration, and enhanced proteasomal degradation of NOS. Moreover, the hsp90- and hsp70- based chaperones were found to play a critical role in directing the selective culling or repair of the inactivated NOS. We present a model that describes how chaperones recognize covalently altered proteins and direct NOS protein quality control. These studies indicate that drug-mediated stabilization and destabilization of proteins is an important consideration in the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of drug development. Supported in part by NIH GM77430 and DA22354