2006 methyl isothiocyanate near-field air assessments: Implications for air quality in south Franklin County, Washington

AGRO 88

Vincent R Hebert, vhebert@tricity.wsu.edu, Department of Entomology, Washington State University-Tri Cities, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99354 and Jane LePage, Food and Environmental Quality Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 University Drive, Richland, WA 99352.
An ambient air monitoring program conducted in central Washington State in the fall of 2005 established that gaseous methyl isothiocyanate (MITC) emissions approached or exceeded California EPA Reference Exposure Level and/or EPA Office of Pesticide Protection (OPP) criteria for acute and sub-chronic residential inhalation exposure. To minimize residential exposure, a near-field air monitoring program was conducted in this region in the fall of 2006 that examined off-target MITC movement from center pivot chemigation and soil-incorporated shank injection with compaction. A low pressure center pivot system was used to apply Sectagon 42® (42% metam sodium) to a 33 acre circle in October. An adjacent 119 acre crop circle with near-identical soil characteristics was treated with a similar application rate of Sectagon 42® by shank injection ca. 3 weeks later in early November. Near-field MITC emissions were monitored at eight air sampling stations surrounding each circle before, during, and up to 4 days after fumigation. A maximum field averaged concentration of 224 µg/m3 was observed during the chemigation event; whereas, a 10 fold reduction field averaged concentration of 22.5 µg/m3 was observed by shank injection during the same field fumigation period. For the center pivot application, a maximum downwind MITC concentration of 987 µg/m3 was observed in comparison to a maximum downwind shank injection concentration of 141 µg/m3. This study lends support for the use of shank injection for minimizing off-target fumigant emissions on fields in close proximity to residential communities in central Washington State.