Flexible bilayers with spontaneous curvature lead to lamellar gels and spontaneous vesicles

COLL 27

Joseph A. Zasadzinski, gorilla@engineering.ucsb.edu, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Engr II Bldg, UC Santa Barbara, CA 93106
Mixtures of cetyltrimethylammonium tosylate (CTAT) and sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) in water form a fluid lamellar phase at ≤ 40 wt% water, but turn into viscous gels at higher water fractions. The gels are characterized by spherulite defects consistent with a low bending elasticity, kappa ~ kBT, and a non-zero spontaneous curvature. Caillé analysis of the small angle X-ray line shape confirms that for 7:3 wt:wt CTAT:SDBS bilayers at 50% water, kappa = 0.62 ± 0.09 kBT and kappabar = -.9 ± 0.2 kBT. For 13:7 wt:wt CTAT:SDBS bilayers, the measured bending elasticity decreases with increasing water dilution in good agreement with predictions based on renormalization theory, giving kappa = 0.28 kBT. These results show that surfactant mixing is sufficient to make kappa ~ kBT, which promotes strong, Helfrich-type repulsion between bilayers that can dominate the van der Waals attraction. These are necessary conditions for spontaneous vesicles formed at higher water fractions to be equilibrium structures.