AGRO 154 |
| The demand for transportation fuels is increasing around the world especially the demand for petroleum-based fuels. To cope with rising demand and dwindling petroleum reverses, alternative motor fuels such as biodiesel are at the forefront of commercialization. Biodiesel is composed of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids. These esters are produced when vegetable oil, animal fat, or recycled grease (containing triglycerides) is reacted with an alcohol, usually methanol. A stochiometric excess of alcohol and a catalyst is required for the effective production of the alkyl esters. In order to be commercially available and to receive federal and state incentives, biodiesel must meet the specifications in ASTM 6751, Standard Specification for Biodiesel Fuel (B100) Blend Stock for Distillate Fuels. A minimum flash point (closed cup) specification of 130°C is set by ASTM 6751 and is an indicator of flammability and a measurement of residual alcohol in B100. The excess alcohol can be removed by conventional or vacuum distillation. However, residual alcohol in the biodiesel phase can only be removed by water wash steps or by flash distillation. Improper removal of residual alcohol results in flash points below 130°C and safety concerns for consumers of these products. |
|
Agricultural Biomass, Biobased Products, and Biofuels
8:30 AM-12:10 PM, Wednesday, March 28, 2007 McCormick Place South -- Room S103D, Level 1, Oral
Division of Agrochemicals |