Anthrax toxins: Modes of infection and release of the tripartite toxin into the body

CHED 1366

Michael R Lacina, lacinam@duq.edu, Anne Loccisano, loccisa780@duq.edu, and Jeffrey D. Evanseck, evanseck@duq.edu. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15282
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, and secretes three monomeric proteins; protective antigen (PA), edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). Together these three make up anthrax toxin. Once anthrax has infected the body through ingestion, inhalation, or cutaneously it releases the tripartite toxin. EF causes a build up of fluid within cells, while LF destroys the functionality of key proteins in the body; even alone, each is deadly. The PA is unique, it forms a heptamer pore, which the other two toxins travel through and infect the cell. The translocation of EF and LF is of special interest. It is hypothesized that both toxins unfold and travel through the narrow pore. Simulated calculation from the translocation will make it possible to find new and initiative ways to treat infection. The discussion will center about anthrax infection and possible biochemical interventions, through drug designed antitoxins.