ANYL 213 |
| The smallest manufactured batteries are of about 20 mm3, much larger then the integrated circuits or sensors of functional analytical packages, exemplified by implantable glucose sensors for diabetes management. Progress toward, and hurdles to be overcome on the way to, implantable miniature batteries and glucose-O2 fuel cells that would power subcutaneously implanted sensor packages for a few days will be reviewed. Because the presently manufactured batteries contain reactive, corrosive, or toxic components, they are packaged in strong steel cases, which limit miniaturization. Both the case and the electrolyte could be eliminated in a battery formed of a harmless, implantable Zn microanode and an also harmless and also implantable, biocompatible hydrogel-shielded, Ag/AgCl cathode, with the subcutaneous interstitial fluid serving as the electrolyte.[1] Alternatively, the power source could be a case-less and membrane-less biofuel cell, built of a glucose electrooxidizing micro-anode and an O2 electroreducing microcathode, the glucose and O2 –containing subcutaneous interstitial fluid serving as electrolyte. [2,3] 1. Shin, W., et al., "Ionic Conduction in Zn3(PO4)2.4HO2O Enables Efficient Discharge of the Zinc Anode in Serum". Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2005. 127(42):14590-14591. 2. Mano, N., F. Mao, and A. Heller, "A miniature membrane-less biofuel cell operating at +0.60 V under physiological conditions". ChemBioChem, 2004. 5(12):1703-1705. 3. Kang, C., H. Shin, and A. Heller, "On the stability of the "wired" bilirubin oxidase cathode in serum”. Bioelectrochemistry, 2005. 68:22-26. |
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Honoring Joe Wang, Recipient of the Electrochemical Analysis Award
8:30 AM-12:00 PM, Tuesday, 12 September 2006 Moscone Center -- Room 123, Oral
Division of Analytical Chemistry |